| 1. |
- Filippov, Andrei, et al.
(author)
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Self-diffusion and interactions in mixtures of imidazolium bis(mandelato)borate ionic liquids with polyethylene glycol : H-1 NMR study
- 2015
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In: Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0749-1581 .- 1097-458X. ; 53:7, s. 493-497
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We used H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance pulsed-field gradient to study the self-diffusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ions in a mixture of PEG and imidazolium bis(mandelato)borate ionic liquids (ILs) at IL concentrations from 0 to 10 wt% and temperatures from 295 to 370 K. PEG behaves as a solvent for these ILs, allowing observation of separate lines in H-1 NMR spectra assigned to the cation and anion as well as to PEG. The diffusion coefficients of PEG, as well as the imidazolium cation and bis(mandelato) borate (BMB) anion, differ under all experimental conditions tested. This demonstrates that the IL in the mixture is present in at least a partially dissociated state, while the lifetimes of the associated states of the ions and ions with PEG are less than similar to 30ms. Generally, increasing the concentration of the IL leads to a decrease in the diffusion coefficients of PEG and both ions. The diffusion coefficient of the anion is less than that of the cation; the molecular mass dependence of diffusion of ions can be described by the Stokes-Einstein model. NMR chemical shift alteration analysis showed that the presence of PEG changes mainly the chemical shifts of protons belonging to imidazole ring of the cation, while chemical shifts of protons of anions and PEG remain unchanged. This demonstrated that the imidazolium cation interacts mainly with PEG, which most probably occurs through the oxygen of PEG and the imidazole ring. The BMB anion does not strongly interact with PEG, but it may be indirectly affected by PEG through interaction with the cation, which directly interacts with PEG. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Filippov, Andrei, et al.
(author)
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NMR self-diffusion study of a phosphonium bis(mandelato)borate ionic liquid
- 2013
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In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 15:23, s. 9281-9287
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Newly synthesized halogen-free boron based ionic liquids (hf-BILs) composed of chelated orthoborate anionsand phosphonium cations have hydrolytic stability, low melting point and outstanding wear and frictionreducing properties. We report here the peculiarities of self-diffusion in one representative from this class,trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(mandelato)borate, [P6,6,6,14][BMB], in the temperature range of itspractical interest, 20–100 1C. NMR techniques demonstrated complicated diffusional behaviour – the ionicliquid can exist in one or two liquid ‘‘phases’’. In the low-temperature range (20–50 1C), two phases coexistwhere the cations, [P6,6,6,14], are contained mainly in the phase with slower diffusion coefficients while theanions, [BMB], are in the phase with faster diffusion coefficients. Cations have lower diffusion coefficientswith a factor of 20 as compared with the anions, an effect which is caused by aggregation of cations intodomains due to so-called ‘‘hydrophobic interaction’’ of their hydrocarbon chains. As the temperature risesabove 60 1C, the two phases merge into one where both ions have equal diffusion coefficients. This iscaused by thermal motion making the cation domains smaller in size and more easily interacting withanions. As a result, anions and cations diffuse in this high-temperature range as a pair.
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| 3. |
- Filippov, Andrei, et al.
(author)
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The effect of the cation alkyl chain length on density and diffusion in dialkylpyrrolidinium bis(mandelato)borate ionic liquids
- 2014
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In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 16:48, s. 26798-26805
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The physicochemical properties of ionic liquids are strongly affected by the selective combination of the cations and anions comprising the ionic liquid. In particular, the length of the alkyl chains of ions has a clear influence on the ionic liquid's performance. In this paper, we study the self-diffusion of ions in a series of halogen-free boron-based ionic liquids (hf-BILs) containing bis(mandelato)borate anions and dialkylpyrrolidinium cations with long alkyl chains CnH2n+1 with n from 4 to 14 within a temperature range of 293-373 K. It was found that the hf-BILs with n = 4-7 have very similar diffusion coefficients, while hf-BILs with n = 10-14 exhibit two liquid sub-phases in almost the entire temperature range studied (293-353 K). Both liquid sub-phases differ in their diffusion coefficients, while values of the slower diffusion coefficients are close to those of hf-BILs with shorter alkyl chains. To explain the particular dependence of diffusion on the alkyl chain length, we examined the densities of the hf-BILs studied here. It was shown that the dependence of the density on the number of CH2 groups in long alkyl chains of cations can be accurately described using a "mosaic type" model, where regions of long alkyl chains of cations (named 'aliphatic' regions) and the residual chemical moieties in both cations and anions (named 'ionic' regions) give additive contributions. Changes in density due to an increase in temperature and the number of CH2 groups in the long alkyl chains of cations are determined predominantly by changes in the free volume of the 'ionic' regions, while 'aliphatic' regions are already highly compressed by van der Waals forces, which results in only infinitesimal changes in their free volumes with temperature.
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| 4. |
- Taher, Mamoun, et al.
(author)
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Halogen free boron-based ionic liquids as novel lubricants
- 2013
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Most of the modern lubricants and lubricant additives have been designed and optimized for ferrous materials. A growing trend towardswider use of lightweight and wear resistant non-ferrous materials calls for new efficient and environmentally friendly lubricants.In this study, halogen free boron based ionic liquids (hf-BILs) were designed, synthesized and tribologically tested for ferrous and non-ferrous materials.
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| 5. |
- Taher, Mamoun, et al.
(author)
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Halogen-free ionic liquids in lubrication
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of wear-resistant non-ferrous and lightweight materials calls for novel types of lubricants including neat Ionic Liquids (ILs) and ILs as additives to base oils [1-4]. ILs are non-flammable low temperature molten salts, which have negligible volatility and a high thermal stability. However, most of previously studied ILs as promising lubricants contain BF4- or PF6- anions, which are prone to hydrolysis producing corrosive and toxic species. Here we report on the synthesis, physic-chemical and tribological characterisation of halogen-free ILs with cations belonging to different families (phosphonium, pyrrolidinium, imidazolium), combined with different orthoborate anions (bis(mandelato)borate [BMB], bis(salicylato)borate, bis(oxalato)borate, etc). It was found that these types of hf-BILs (both as neat liquids and as additives) outperform a fully formulated engine oil and a neat PEG oil as antiwear and friction reducing lubricants at steel-steel and steel-aluminium contacts.To reveal mechanisms of formation of tribofilms, the mechanochemically induced boundary films on surfaces of Al2O3, MgO and SiO2 in contact with orthoborate-based ILs were characterised using solid-state multinuclear (11B, 31P and 29Si) MAS NMR, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that some of these ILs interact with the oxides, in particular, at elevated temperatures. We suggest that the boundary film formation between hf-BILs and -Al2O3, MgO and SiO2 surfaces is a complex process involving various chemical reactions at the solid-liquid interfaces. Self-diffusion of ionic species in orthoborate based ILs and in IL/PEG mixtures as a function of temperature was studied using pulse-field-gradient (PFG) 1H and 31P NMR [5]. It was found that [P66614][BMB] can exist in one or two different liquid “phases” with ionic species having dramatically different (by two orders of magnitude) self-diffusion coefficients: Slowly diffusing phosphonium cations with long and bulky alkyl chains form domains stabilised by hydrophobic interactions in these ILs in the temperature range 20-50 oC, while small orthoborate anions are fast diffusing species at these temperatures [5]. These domains are, however, disrupted by developed molecular motion with the cation-anion complexes having one and the same diffusion coefficient when the IL system is heated above 50oC. A similar phenomenon was also found in some other [BMB] based ILs with pyrrolidinium and imidazolium cations.
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| 6. |
- Taher, Mamoun, et al.
(author)
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Halogen-free pyrrolidinium bis(mandelato)borate ionic liquids: Some physicochemical properties and lubrication performance as additives to polyethylene glycol
- 2014
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In: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 4:58, s. 30617-30623
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work reports on the synthesis and physicochemical characterisation of novel halogen-free boron containing ionic liquids (hf-BILs) with dialkylpyrrolidinium cations [CnC1Pyrr]+, n ¼ 4–14, and bis(mandelato)borate anion [BMB]. All the synthesised compounds are liquids at room temperature. It was found that the thermal properties and density of these hf-BILs are affected by the length of the longest alkyl chain connected to the nitrogen atom in the pyrrolidinium cations. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed that glass transition temperatures of these ionic liquids are in the temperature range from 218 to 241 K. Interestingly, the glass transition temperatures follow the “odd– even” effect related to the number of carbons (n) in one of the alkyl chains of [CnC1Pyrr]+. It was also found that hf-BILs' density decreases with an increase in the alkyl chain length of [CnC1Pyrr]+. It is suggested that the “odd–even” effect is associated with the difference in packing and specific interactions of cations and anions of this class of hf-BILs. Their lubricating properties, as 3 wt% additives in polyethylene glycol (PEG), were evaluated in steel–steel contacts. PEG with hf BILs additive provided significantly lower wear and friction compared to the neat PEG and 5W40 engine oil. It was found that shortening the length of the longest alkyl chain in the cations of [CnC1Pyrr][BMB] significantly reduces frictional losses. Antiwear properties of [CnC1Pyrr][BMB] in PEG follow the same trend.
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